Energy

Nowadays ,we do many things in our life and Everything we does requires energy . 

Energy is something that we need to do work and activities. Energy can be grouped into some groups:

1. heat Energy 

It is something we have always used to heat ourselves up and usually released by sources of light energy.

2.light Energy

Light energy is a type of energy that have given our eyes the ability to see . Light energy are found on things that give out light , and almost all of light energy sources also releases heat energy

3.Kinetic Energy

This is a kind of energy that is found on moving things or things that have velocity.mathematically we write as;

Kinetic Energy=0.5 x M x v x v

Where M is mass and v is velocity

4.electrical energy

A kind of energy that we use very much nowadays to power up our electronic things .

5.atomic energy

Energy that is stored within a thing's atom . If this energy is accumulated in big amount. It can create disastrous consequences if it isn't use correctly .e.g. Nuclear bomb. 

Mathematically if all mass is about to turn into energy , we write it as:

Energy=MCC

Where M is mass and C is the speed of light. 

That formula is created by Albert Einstein

6. Potential energy

An energy stored in a thing or an energy that is gained by things because of its position. Potential energy is divided into 3 large group:

A. Potential gravity energy

An energy stored by a thing because of its position, usually things that Is in higher position will have higher potential energy

B.potential chemical energy

An energy stored in things because the existence of chemical in that thing. 

C.potential elastic energy

An energy stored in things because of their elasticity and how far they are stretched 

That is all I can tell you. If you see any tense mistake or other mistakes , you may send it to jowillianto@gmail.com

Finally , I apologize for any problems and inconvenience cause by my writing and tenses

theory of relativity part 3

3. Lorentz Transformation

If you see a train with people inside walking with the same direction as the train. People may conclude that the total speed of the speed is equal to  people speed + train speed but actually it’s not that simple.(sorry i don't have the graph but just refer to the conclusion)

x=    (x'-yt ) x 𝜸

Z=Z                y=Y'                     𝜸=square root of 1-V square and C square

So the speed acquired Is

(v1+v2)𝜸

Lorentz length Contraction

Moving things look shorter but why? It’s because the light reflected by the thing is reflected by all part of things mainly things that is moving very fast . imagine sitting in a train with speed of  0.8 c so do you think you will see anything? The answer is yes or no, you can see the things inside by inside’s light but you can’t see things outside as no light can be reflected or arrive at your eye as you are relative to a train moving at 1c speed that makes all light that com to the train was dodged by the train because of its speed . Lorentz mathematically made this as

L=L0 x 𝜸 

Theory of relativity part 2

A.    Causes of Different result

1.Time

The dilation of time is one of the cause of different results. But why?

 If we make a clock with 2s= time needed for light to go up and down on the mirror with the range between them (300.000 km) which make 1s = time needed for it to go only up or down but when it comes to movement

The range that the like need to travel to get 1s become longer as it was inclinated so it could hit the next moving board . it was mathematically formulated as :

.t= t0  × 1/ lorentz ,  lorentz= 1/square root of 1-V square /C square where c square i the speed of light squared

In the equation C.C was used as a barrier to limit the v .v the square root are used because the V and C are squared. The 1 is to take the rest the speed doesn’t conquer.

2.Relativity

To continue to the next chapter we ned to learn about the relative stuff. WE are relative to the earth , earth are relative to the solar system , the solar system are relative to the milky way galaxy , the milky way are relative to the galaxy system. Etc.

special Theory Of Relativity Part 1

A. The core of special relativity

The special relativity suggest that observers that observe same kind of Objects may have different results because their observing ways or because of their position is different . (doesn’t work when position and way of seeing is the same)

From the statement above we can conclude that different observers will have different observing results and observing reports. The special relativity states everything that can cause different in results .

For example :

If we have a truck moving uniformly in a straight line (v=40m/s). in the truck back someone are playing baseball (v ball =150m/s). one of the observer is measuring the speed of baseball from a piece of ground near the truck while one more is measuring the speed of baseball from the back of truck and is moving with the truck. What is the result that the observers may get ? give the reason in a simple way!

If we see from observer 1 in the ground , he might get the result ofit may conclude Obsever 1 will calculate the speed of baseball + speed of truck ( Baseball is relative to the truck).

Observer B will see the baseball moving only 150m/s as observer b is relative to the truck so it calculates only the speed of the ball not the truck + the ball.

Conclusion: Different observer may cause Different Result

Could we be wrong about speed of light?

  A challenge has been thrown down to the consistency of the speed of light, based on an anomaly from the most closely observed supernova of all time.

In 1987 astronomers witnessed the only supernova in 400 years close enough to Earth to see with the naked eye. The first hint of the event came not from telescopes, but neutrino detectors.

Neutrinos and photons were assumed to have crossed space between the Large Magellanic Cloud and us at the speed of light. However, light does not always travel at 3x108 m/s. Just as glass or water will slow light down, the dense core of a supernova is expected to impede photons so that neutrinos will reach us first.

Models of supernovae suggest the delay should be about three hours. However, rather than witnessing a single burst of neutrinos three hours before the first light was observed, detectors picked up two bursts, one 7.7 hours earlier, and the other 4.7 hours. Some models of supernovae predict two collapses, and thus two rounds of neutrinos, but the timing is puzzling since it is the first round that should beat the light by three hours.

Professor James Franson of the University of Maryland, Baltimore, believes that these observations require a rewrite of light's behavior. He claims that quantum mechanical effects slow light down under certain circumstances. The effect is very, very small, but over a distance of 163,000 light years could account for the discrepancy in observations.

In the New Journal of Physics, Franson draws on vacuum polarization, a well established phenomenon where a photon of light sometimes turns into an electron-positron pair. These then recombine to become a photon again, traveling along the same path, but after a tiny delay (see diagram).

However, Franson argues that these events are not random, but affected by gravitational fields.

"Roughly speaking, the gravitational potential changes the energy of a virtual electron-positron pair, which in turn produces a small change in the energy of a photon,” Franson says. “This results in a small correction to the angular frequency of a photon and thus its velocity.” He describes the equivalent effects on neutrinos as “negligibly small in comparison”.

If Franson is right gravitational fields, particularly from the center of the galaxy, would have slowed photons down by the required amount. “The predictions of this model are in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations from Supernova 1987a, in which the first neutrinos arrived 7.7 hours before the first photons,” Franson says.

The alternative explanation is that the second neutrino burst was the one triggered at the same time as the original release of light. Even if the delay was 4.7 hours, rather than three, the puzzle of the earlier neutrino flurry remains. Directional detection of neutrinos is very poor, so some astronomers have assumed that these neutrinos were a coincidence, originating from some other source. Franson claims the probability of such a chance event is 1 in 10,000.

Third law of newton

The third law of newton states that our action force us equal to the receiver's reaction force.  You Don't believe it ? then try driving your car in high speed and see if you can sit on chair Leaning yourself forward .

Answer: yes you can but maybe.      very hard